Brief Summary
The randomized phase of the trial compared topical or ablative treatment with active monitoring in preventing anal cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Anal HSIL is tissue in the anal canal that has been damaged by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and is at risk for turning into anal cancer.
The ANCHOR Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) determined that the primary study endpoint was completed, based on the data and statistical analysis presented to them on 07SEP2021.
In the post-randomization phase of this trial, all enrolled participants are offered treatment for HSIL and/or follow-up, at the participant's choice.
The ANCHOR Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) determined that the primary study endpoint was completed, based on the data and statistical analysis presented to them on 07SEP2021.
In the post-randomization phase of this trial, all enrolled participants are offered treatment for HSIL and/or follow-up, at the participant's choice.
Brief Title
Treatment in Preventing Anal Cancer in Patients With HIV and Anal High-Grade Lesions
Detailed Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study has been completed for efficacy.
I. To determine the effectiveness of treating anal HSIL to reduce the incidence of anal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men and women.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To determine the safety of infrared coagulation (IRC), electrocautery, imiquimod, laser and 5- fluorouracil treatments for anal HSIL.
II. To assess the responsiveness (sensitivity to change) and clinical significance of the ANCHOR Health-Related Symptom Index (A-HRSI) subscales by comparing change scores within groups of participants as defined by participant responses to the participant global impression of change (PGIC) item. (completed FEB2020)
TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:
Collect clinical specimens and data to create a bank of well-annotated specimens that will enable correlative science:
I. Identification of viral factors in HSIL progression to cancer; II. Identification of host factors in HSIL progression to cancer; III. Identify host and viral biomarkers of progression from HSIL to cancer; IV. Identify medical history and behavioral risk factors for HSIL progression to cancer.
QUALITY OF LIFE OBJECTIVES (completed FEB2022) I. Primary QOL Objective: To compare arms in terms of changes in physical symptoms and impacts from T2 to T3, adjusting for T1.
ANCILLARY (COVID SUPPLEMENT) SUBSTUDY OBJECTIVES:
I. Determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 detection in anal and oropharyngeal swabs among people living with HIV (PLWH) being screened for and enrolled in the ANCHOR study.
II. Determine the relationship between prevalent anal SARS-CoV-2 positivity, anal HPV infection, and anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).
III. Determine the 6-month incidence of SARS-CoV-2 detection in anal and oropharyngeal swabs among participants in the active monitoring arm being assessed for the first time for treatment and individuals already enrolled in the COVID substudy under protocol version 15.0.
IV. Determine the relationship between prevalent or incident SARS-CoV-2 detection and regression of anal HPV infection or HSIL among active monitoring arm participants already enrolled in the COVID substudy under protocol version 15.0, and those who continue the protocol and who choose not to be treated at visit 101.
OUTLINE: The randomized strategy to study the efficacy of HSIL treatment to reduce the risk of progression to anal cancer, as compared to active monitoring, was discontinued for all participants.
Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. (accrual closed SEP2021)
ARM I: Patients are directed to receive either topical or ablative treatment at the discretion of the clinician. Patients receiving topical treatment apply topical imiquimod intra-anally, peri-anally or both thrice weekly for up to 16 weeks, or topical 5-fluorouracil twice daily for 5 days every 2 weeks for up to 16 weeks. Patients receiving ablative treatment using infrared coagulation, hyfrecation/electrocautery, or laser. Patients may undergo excision under anesthesia if the clinician believes none of the other treatment approaches will be effective. The number and timing of such treatments will be at the discretion of the investigator. Patients with persistent HSIL should continue a protocol-approved treatment or a new protocol treatment should be considered.
ARM II: Patients undergo active monitoring with HRA examinations and anal cytology every 6 months. Every 12 months, patients undergo biopsies of visible lesions.
Participants on both arms are to be followed for up to 5 years after randomization of the last participant.
Post-randomization phase: Individuals in the treatment arm may continue treatment, and participants in the active monitoring arm are offered treatment. If upon assessment participants continue to have HSIL but do not intend to get treatment, they will be monitored for the potential for disease progression to anal cancer.
I. To determine the effectiveness of treating anal HSIL to reduce the incidence of anal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men and women.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To determine the safety of infrared coagulation (IRC), electrocautery, imiquimod, laser and 5- fluorouracil treatments for anal HSIL.
II. To assess the responsiveness (sensitivity to change) and clinical significance of the ANCHOR Health-Related Symptom Index (A-HRSI) subscales by comparing change scores within groups of participants as defined by participant responses to the participant global impression of change (PGIC) item. (completed FEB2020)
TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:
Collect clinical specimens and data to create a bank of well-annotated specimens that will enable correlative science:
I. Identification of viral factors in HSIL progression to cancer; II. Identification of host factors in HSIL progression to cancer; III. Identify host and viral biomarkers of progression from HSIL to cancer; IV. Identify medical history and behavioral risk factors for HSIL progression to cancer.
QUALITY OF LIFE OBJECTIVES (completed FEB2022) I. Primary QOL Objective: To compare arms in terms of changes in physical symptoms and impacts from T2 to T3, adjusting for T1.
ANCILLARY (COVID SUPPLEMENT) SUBSTUDY OBJECTIVES:
I. Determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 detection in anal and oropharyngeal swabs among people living with HIV (PLWH) being screened for and enrolled in the ANCHOR study.
II. Determine the relationship between prevalent anal SARS-CoV-2 positivity, anal HPV infection, and anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).
III. Determine the 6-month incidence of SARS-CoV-2 detection in anal and oropharyngeal swabs among participants in the active monitoring arm being assessed for the first time for treatment and individuals already enrolled in the COVID substudy under protocol version 15.0.
IV. Determine the relationship between prevalent or incident SARS-CoV-2 detection and regression of anal HPV infection or HSIL among active monitoring arm participants already enrolled in the COVID substudy under protocol version 15.0, and those who continue the protocol and who choose not to be treated at visit 101.
OUTLINE: The randomized strategy to study the efficacy of HSIL treatment to reduce the risk of progression to anal cancer, as compared to active monitoring, was discontinued for all participants.
Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. (accrual closed SEP2021)
ARM I: Patients are directed to receive either topical or ablative treatment at the discretion of the clinician. Patients receiving topical treatment apply topical imiquimod intra-anally, peri-anally or both thrice weekly for up to 16 weeks, or topical 5-fluorouracil twice daily for 5 days every 2 weeks for up to 16 weeks. Patients receiving ablative treatment using infrared coagulation, hyfrecation/electrocautery, or laser. Patients may undergo excision under anesthesia if the clinician believes none of the other treatment approaches will be effective. The number and timing of such treatments will be at the discretion of the investigator. Patients with persistent HSIL should continue a protocol-approved treatment or a new protocol treatment should be considered.
ARM II: Patients undergo active monitoring with HRA examinations and anal cytology every 6 months. Every 12 months, patients undergo biopsies of visible lesions.
Participants on both arms are to be followed for up to 5 years after randomization of the last participant.
Post-randomization phase: Individuals in the treatment arm may continue treatment, and participants in the active monitoring arm are offered treatment. If upon assessment participants continue to have HSIL but do not intend to get treatment, they will be monitored for the potential for disease progression to anal cancer.
Categories
Completion Date
Completion Date Type
Actual
Conditions
Anal Cancer
High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
HIV Infection
Human Papilloma Virus Infection
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
* HIV positive. Documentation of HIV-1 infection by means of any one of the following: 1) Documentation of HIV diagnosis in the medical record by a licensed health care provider; 2) Documentation of receipt of ART by a licensed health care provider (receipt of at least two agents is required); 3) HIV-1 RNA detection by a licensed HIV-1 RNA assay demonstrating \>1000 RNA copies/mL; or, 4) Any licensed HIV screening antibody and/or HIV antibody/antigen combination assay confirmed by a second licensed HIV assay such as a HIV-1 Western blot confirmation or HIV rapid multispot antibody differentiation assay.
* Biopsy-proven HSIL at baseline
* At least one focus of HSIL must be identified that is not within a condyloma that may be treated after enrollment into the study
* For females, documentation that the participant is being followed for cervical cytology (if having a cervix) and/or HPV testing per current ASCCP guidelines, and visual examination of the vulva, vagina, and cervix to rule out cancer/suspicion for cancer within 12 months prior to enrollment
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status \<= 1 (Karnofsky \>= 70%)
* Life expectancy of greater than 5 years
* Absolute neutrophil count: \>= 750/mm\^3
* Platelets: \>= 75,000/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin \>= 9.0 g/dL
* Women of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test within 7 days of initiating study treatment if they have been randomized to the treatment arm; all women of childbearing potential must agree to use a reliable birth control method (oral contraceptive pills, intrauterine device, Nexplanon, DepoProvera, or permanent sterilization, etc., or another acceptable method as determined by the investigator) during the entire period of the trial (5 years or more), and must not intend to become pregnant during study participation and for 3 months after treatment is discontinued; all participants must be willing to comply with an acceptable birth control regimen as determined by the Investigator
* Men randomized to the treatment arm should not father a baby while receiving topical treatment during this study. Men who could father a child must agree to use at least one form of birth control during or continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse if receiving topical treatment during the study, and for 2 weeks after stopping topical treatment.
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
* Participant is willing to be randomized and able to comply with the protocol
* Clinician is comfortable with either following patient for up to 5 years without therapy or treating patient for up to 5 years
Exclusion Criteria:
* Inability to provide informed consent
* Patients who are receiving any other immunomodulatory investigational agents (replacement doses of steroids for adrenal insufficiency or treatment with prednisone ≤5 mg/day is permitted) within the 4 weeks before randomization enrollment, other than investigational antiretroviral agents for HIV, or investigational or approved agents for Hepatitis C.
* History of anal cancer, penile, vulvar, vaginal or cervical cancer, or signs of these cancers at baseline.
* Treatment or removal of HSIL less than 6 months prior to randomization.
* Participant has symptoms related to HSIL and would benefit more from immediate treatment than from entry into the study and potential for randomization to active monitoring arm
* Current systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy that potentially causes bone marrow suppression that would preclude safe treatment of HSIL
* Participants who only have a single HSIL lesion that is likely to be removed entirely with the initial screening biopsy
* Warts so extensive that they preclude the clinician from determining the extent and location of HSIL
* Participant plans to relocate away from the study site to a location without an ANCHOR study site during study participation
* HIV positive. Documentation of HIV-1 infection by means of any one of the following: 1) Documentation of HIV diagnosis in the medical record by a licensed health care provider; 2) Documentation of receipt of ART by a licensed health care provider (receipt of at least two agents is required); 3) HIV-1 RNA detection by a licensed HIV-1 RNA assay demonstrating \>1000 RNA copies/mL; or, 4) Any licensed HIV screening antibody and/or HIV antibody/antigen combination assay confirmed by a second licensed HIV assay such as a HIV-1 Western blot confirmation or HIV rapid multispot antibody differentiation assay.
* Biopsy-proven HSIL at baseline
* At least one focus of HSIL must be identified that is not within a condyloma that may be treated after enrollment into the study
* For females, documentation that the participant is being followed for cervical cytology (if having a cervix) and/or HPV testing per current ASCCP guidelines, and visual examination of the vulva, vagina, and cervix to rule out cancer/suspicion for cancer within 12 months prior to enrollment
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status \<= 1 (Karnofsky \>= 70%)
* Life expectancy of greater than 5 years
* Absolute neutrophil count: \>= 750/mm\^3
* Platelets: \>= 75,000/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin \>= 9.0 g/dL
* Women of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test within 7 days of initiating study treatment if they have been randomized to the treatment arm; all women of childbearing potential must agree to use a reliable birth control method (oral contraceptive pills, intrauterine device, Nexplanon, DepoProvera, or permanent sterilization, etc., or another acceptable method as determined by the investigator) during the entire period of the trial (5 years or more), and must not intend to become pregnant during study participation and for 3 months after treatment is discontinued; all participants must be willing to comply with an acceptable birth control regimen as determined by the Investigator
* Men randomized to the treatment arm should not father a baby while receiving topical treatment during this study. Men who could father a child must agree to use at least one form of birth control during or continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse if receiving topical treatment during the study, and for 2 weeks after stopping topical treatment.
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
* Participant is willing to be randomized and able to comply with the protocol
* Clinician is comfortable with either following patient for up to 5 years without therapy or treating patient for up to 5 years
Exclusion Criteria:
* Inability to provide informed consent
* Patients who are receiving any other immunomodulatory investigational agents (replacement doses of steroids for adrenal insufficiency or treatment with prednisone ≤5 mg/day is permitted) within the 4 weeks before randomization enrollment, other than investigational antiretroviral agents for HIV, or investigational or approved agents for Hepatitis C.
* History of anal cancer, penile, vulvar, vaginal or cervical cancer, or signs of these cancers at baseline.
* Treatment or removal of HSIL less than 6 months prior to randomization.
* Participant has symptoms related to HSIL and would benefit more from immediate treatment than from entry into the study and potential for randomization to active monitoring arm
* Current systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy that potentially causes bone marrow suppression that would preclude safe treatment of HSIL
* Participants who only have a single HSIL lesion that is likely to be removed entirely with the initial screening biopsy
* Warts so extensive that they preclude the clinician from determining the extent and location of HSIL
* Participant plans to relocate away from the study site to a location without an ANCHOR study site during study participation
Inclusion Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
* HIV positive. Documentation of HIV-1 infection by means of any one of the following: 1) Documentation of HIV diagnosis in the medical record by a licensed health care provider; 2) Documentation of receipt of ART by a licensed health care provider (receipt of at least two agents is required); 3) HIV-1 RNA detection by a licensed HIV-1 RNA assay demonstrating \>1000 RNA copies/mL; or, 4) Any licensed HIV screening antibody and/or HIV antibody/antigen combination assay confirmed by a second licensed HIV assay such as a HIV-1 Western blot confirmation or HIV rapid multispot antibody differentiation assay.
* Biopsy-proven HSIL at baseline
* At least one focus of HSIL must be identified that is not within a condyloma that may be treated after enrollment into the study
* For females, documentation that the participant is being followed for cervical cytology (if having a cervix) and/or HPV testing per current ASCCP guidelines, and visual examination of the vulva, vagina, and cervix to rule out cancer/suspicion for cancer within 12 months prior to enrollment
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status \<= 1 (Karnofsky \>= 70%)
* Life expectancy of greater than 5 years
* Absolute neutrophil count: \>= 750/mm\^3
* Platelets: \>= 75,000/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin \>= 9.0 g/dL
* Women of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test within 7 days of initiating study treatment if they have been randomized to the treatment arm; all women of childbearing potential must agree to use a reliable birth control method (oral contraceptive pills, intrauterine device, Nexplanon, DepoProvera, or permanent sterilization, etc., or another acceptable method as determined by the investigator) during the entire period of the trial (5 years or more), and must not intend to become pregnant during study participation and for 3 months after treatment is discontinued; all participants must be willing to comply with an acceptable birth control regimen as determined by the Investigator
* Men randomized to the treatment arm should not father a baby while receiving topical treatment during this study. Men who could father a child must agree to use at least one form of birth control during or continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse if receiving topical treatment during the study, and for 2 weeks after stopping topical treatment.
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
* Participant is willing to be randomized and able to comply with the protocol
* Clinician is comfortable with either following patient for up to 5 years without therapy or treating patient for up to 5 years
* HIV positive. Documentation of HIV-1 infection by means of any one of the following: 1) Documentation of HIV diagnosis in the medical record by a licensed health care provider; 2) Documentation of receipt of ART by a licensed health care provider (receipt of at least two agents is required); 3) HIV-1 RNA detection by a licensed HIV-1 RNA assay demonstrating \>1000 RNA copies/mL; or, 4) Any licensed HIV screening antibody and/or HIV antibody/antigen combination assay confirmed by a second licensed HIV assay such as a HIV-1 Western blot confirmation or HIV rapid multispot antibody differentiation assay.
* Biopsy-proven HSIL at baseline
* At least one focus of HSIL must be identified that is not within a condyloma that may be treated after enrollment into the study
* For females, documentation that the participant is being followed for cervical cytology (if having a cervix) and/or HPV testing per current ASCCP guidelines, and visual examination of the vulva, vagina, and cervix to rule out cancer/suspicion for cancer within 12 months prior to enrollment
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status \<= 1 (Karnofsky \>= 70%)
* Life expectancy of greater than 5 years
* Absolute neutrophil count: \>= 750/mm\^3
* Platelets: \>= 75,000/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin \>= 9.0 g/dL
* Women of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test within 7 days of initiating study treatment if they have been randomized to the treatment arm; all women of childbearing potential must agree to use a reliable birth control method (oral contraceptive pills, intrauterine device, Nexplanon, DepoProvera, or permanent sterilization, etc., or another acceptable method as determined by the investigator) during the entire period of the trial (5 years or more), and must not intend to become pregnant during study participation and for 3 months after treatment is discontinued; all participants must be willing to comply with an acceptable birth control regimen as determined by the Investigator
* Men randomized to the treatment arm should not father a baby while receiving topical treatment during this study. Men who could father a child must agree to use at least one form of birth control during or continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse if receiving topical treatment during the study, and for 2 weeks after stopping topical treatment.
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
* Participant is willing to be randomized and able to comply with the protocol
* Clinician is comfortable with either following patient for up to 5 years without therapy or treating patient for up to 5 years
Gender
All
Gender Based
false
Keywords
anal cancer
high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
anal HSIL
HIV
HIV/AIDS
human papillomavirus
HPV
Healthy Volunteers
No
Last Update Post Date
Last Update Post Date Type
Actual
Last Update Submit Date
Minimum Age
35 Years
NCT Id
NCT02135419
Org Class
Network
Org Full Name
AIDS Malignancy Consortium
Org Study Id
AMC-A01
Overall Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 3
Primary Completion Date
Primary Completion Date Type
Actual
Official Title
ANCHOR Study: Anal Cancer/HSIL Outcomes Research Study
Primary Outcomes
Outcome Description
Anal cancer incidence is calculated as the number of anal cancer cases detected per 100,000 person years
Outcome Measure
Anal Cancer Incidence
Outcome Time Frame
Time from randomization to diagnosis of anal cancer, assessed up to 5 years post randomization
Secondary Ids
Secondary Id
NCI-2014-00636
Secondary Id
AMC-A01
Secondary Id
AMC-A01
Secondary Id
U01CA121947
Secondary Id
UM1CA121947
Secondary Id
ANCHOR
Secondary Outcomes
Outcome Description
Participants who had at least one adverse event (serious or non-serious)
Outcome Time Frame
Up to 5 years after randomization
Outcome Measure
Incidence of Adverse Events for Each Treatment
Outcome Description
The physical symptom score is made up of the sum of responses to whether or not the participant had any of the 9 physical symptoms: anal pain, pain other than anal pain, pain during bowel movements, constipation, bleeding from anus, itching in/around the anus, discharge (wetness) in anal area, burning sensations in the anal area, and urgency for bowel movements. Responses are 0- not at all, 1-a little bit, 2-somewhat, 3-quite a bit, 4-very much. Thus physical symptom score ranges from 0 to 36.
Outcome Time Frame
4 weeks post randomization
Outcome Measure
Change in Physical Symptom Score From Baseline (2-7 Days Post Randomization) Until 4 Weeks Post Randomization
Start Date
Start Date Type
Actual
Status Verified Date
First Post Date
First Post Date Type
Estimated
First Submit Date
First Submit QC Date
Std Ages
Adult
Older Adult
Maximum Age Number (converted to Years and rounded down)
999
Minimum Age Number (converted to Years and rounded down)
35
Investigators
Investigator Type
Principal Investigator
Investigator Name
Rebecca Levine
Investigator Email
relevine@montefiore.org
Investigator Phone
718-405-8236
Categories Mesh Debug
Kaposi Sarcoma & AIDS-Related Cancers --- HIV INFECTIONS
HIV/AIDS --- HIV INFECTIONS
Infectious Disease --- HIV INFECTIONS
Kaposi Sarcoma & AIDS-Related Cancers --- ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
HIV/AIDS --- ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers --- COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS
Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers --- INTESTINAL NEOPLASMS
Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers --- GASTROINTESTINAL NEOPLASMS
Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers --- DIGESTIVE SYSTEM NEOPLASMS
Cancer --- NEOPLASMS BY SITE
Cancer --- NEOPLASMS
Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers --- DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES
Digestive System --- DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES
Liver --- DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES
Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers --- GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES
Digestive System --- GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES
Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers --- INTESTINAL DISEASES
Digestive System --- INTESTINAL DISEASES
Blood Disorders --- BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
HIV/AIDS --- BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
Infectious Disease --- BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
Hepatitis --- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
HIV/AIDS --- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Infectious Disease --- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
COVID-19 --- INFECTIONS
Infectious Disease --- INFECTIONS
HIV/AIDS --- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, VIRAL
Infectious Disease --- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, VIRAL
HIV/AIDS --- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Infectious Disease --- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Infectious Disease --- LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS
Infectious Disease --- RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS
COVID-19 --- RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS
Infectious Disease --- RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS
COVID-19 --- VIRUS DISEASES
Hepatitis --- VIRUS DISEASES
Infectious Disease --- VIRUS DISEASES
Infectious Disease --- IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
Infectious Disease --- IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES
Lung --- IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES
MeSH Terms
ANUS NEOPLASMS
SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS
HIV INFECTIONS
PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
RECTAL NEOPLASMS
COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS
INTESTINAL NEOPLASMS
GASTROINTESTINAL NEOPLASMS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM NEOPLASMS
NEOPLASMS BY SITE
NEOPLASMS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES
GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES
INTESTINAL DISEASES
ANUS DISEASES
RECTAL DISEASES
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
INFECTIONS
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, VIRAL
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS
RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS
RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS
VIRUS DISEASES
GENITAL DISEASES
UROGENITAL DISEASES
IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES
DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS
TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS
DISEASE ATTRIBUTES
PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES
SLOW VIRUS DISEASES
IMIQUIMOD
FLUOROURACIL
LIGHT COAGULATION
LASER THERAPY
WATCHFUL WAITING
OBSERVATION
AMINOQUINOLINES
QUINOLINES
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, 2-RING
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, FUSED-RING
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
URACIL
PYRIMIDINONES
PYRIMIDINES
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, 1-RING
HEMOSTATIC TECHNIQUES
THERAPEUTICS
HEMOSTASIS, SURGICAL
SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE
OPHTHALMOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES
ABLATION TECHNIQUES
OUTCOME ASSESSMENT, HEALTH CARE
OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT, HEALTH CARE
QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
METHODS
INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES